Miqda ibn ʿAmr (Da Larabci: مقداد بن عمرو ), wanda aka fi sani da Miqdad ibn al-Aswad (Da Larabci: مقداد بن الأسود ), daya ne daga cikin sahabban Manzon Allah (SAWW) Miqdad ya musulunta da wuri bayan Bi’that kuma yana daya daga cikin mutanen farko da suka bayyana musuluntarsa.Ya halarci dukkan yakoki a farkon shekarun Musulunci.
Bayan wafatin Manzon Allah (SAWW), Miqdad ya goyi bayan Imam Ali (AS) ya gaji Manzon Allah (SAWW), kuma bai yi mubaya’a ga Sayyadina Abubakar Ibn Abi Quhafa (RA) ba. Yana daga cikin mutane kalilan da suka halarci jana’izar Fatima al-Zahra (AS). Ana daukar Miqdad a matsayin babban abokin Adawar Sayyadina Usman ibn ‘Affan (RA).
Zuriya
Miqdad ibn Amr b. Tha’laba, da aka sani da Miqdad ibn al-Aswad, babu wani bayani game da haihuwarsa amma kamar yadda marubuta tarihi suka ruwaito lokacin rasuwarsa a shekara ta 33/653-4 yana da shekaru saba’in, mai yiwuwa an haife shi ne a shekara sha shida bayan Ayi al-fil (b. 24 BH/598-9 – d. 33 / 653-4). Masana tarihi da tarihi sun ambaci kakanninsa har na ashirin.
An ce Miqdad ya samu sabani da wani mai suna “Abu Shimr ibn Hajar” a cikin Garin Hadramaut (Garin Yana Yaman) wanda ya kai ga raunata wannan mutumin. Bayan haka, Miqdad ya tafi Makka ya hadu da Aswad ibn Abd Yaguth al-Zuhri. Don haka, Aswad ya zama mahaifin Miqdad (Ubana Riko) kuma an san shi da Miqdad ibn Aswad wani lokacin kuma Miqdad al-Zuhri.
An ruwaito Wasu sunaye da yawa kamar Al-Bahrawi, al-Kindi, da al-Hadhrami da kuma laƙabi irin su Abu Ma’bad, Abu Sa’id, da Abu l-Aswad.
A Zamanin Manzon Allah (SAWW) Da Musulunta
Miqdad ya musulunta da wuri bayan Bi’that (wahayin farko da Akayiwa Manzon Allah (SAWW)) kuma ya shiga cikin azabar Mushr*ikan kuraishawa. Masana tarihi sun ambace shi a cikin Musulmai na farko, amma ba a yi Bayani yadda ya musulunta ba. Abdullahi ibn Mas’ud ya ruwaito cewa, akwai mutane bakwai da aka bayyana musuluntarsu kafin kowa, Daya daga cikin wadannan mutane shi ne Miqdad.
Miqdad ya yi hijira sau biyu: Na daya zuwa Abisiniya a cikin rukuni na uku na musulmi masu hijira, kuma ya sake Yin Hijra zuwa Madina. Ba a dai san lokacin da ya koma madina ba, amma kamar yadda wasu hujjoji suka nuna, ya yi hijira a shekara ta 1 AH/622-3 a watan Shawwal tare da Abu Ubaida, suka koma Madina gaba dayansu.
Kasancewa a cikin Yaƙe-yaƙe
Miqdad ya halarci dukkan yakokin Manzon Allah (SAWW) kuma ya kasance zakara a cikin sahabbai. A yakin Badar Miqdad ya kasance memba na mayaƙan dawakai kuma ana kiran dokinsa da suna “Sabha” (shawagi) watakila saboda Miqdad ya na yaƙi da jajircewa da Dagewa.
Miqdad ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yakin Uhudu shima. A cewar majiyoyin tarihi, a karshen yakin lokacin da kowa ya gudu, mutane kadan ne suka zauna tare da Manzon Allah (SAWW), ciki har da Ali (AS), Da Talha ibn ‘Ubaydullah, Zubayr ibn al-‘Awam, Abu Dujana, ‘Abdullahi ibn Mas’ud, da Miqdad. A wannan yakin, Miqdad Yana cikin maharba ne a cikin sojojin musulmi.
Tare da Salman al-Fars , ‘Ammar ibn Yasir, da Abu Dhar, Miqdad yana daya daga cikin mabiyan Ali (AS).
Bayan Wafatin Annabi Muhammadu (SAWW)
Bayan wafatin Annabi (SAWW) da zaben Sayyadina Abubakar ibn Abi Quhafa (RA) a matsayin halifa kuma magajin Manzon Allah (SAWW), wasu tsirarun musulmi sun tsaya tsayin daka ga Ali (AS) kuma ba su yi mubaya’a ga Abubakar ba, ciki har da Salman, Abu Dharr, da Miqdad. Miqdad bai halarci waki’ar Saqifa ba. Kamar yadda hadisai suka nuna, yana daya daga cikin mutane kalilan da suka halarci jana’izar Fatima al-Zahra (AS) kuma suka yi mata Sallah.
Miqdad a cikin Aljannah: kamar yadda hadisi ya tabbata daga Anas ibn Malik (RA) wata rana Manzon Allah (SAWW) ya ce: “Aljanna tana nufin mutum hudu daga cikin mutanena, yayin da Ali (AS) ya tambaye shi game da wadannan mutane, sai Annabi ya ce: “Na rantse da Allah kai ne farkon wadannan mutane. Sauran su ne Miqdad da Salman da Abu Zar.” Haka nan a cikin tafsirin ayar Al-Qur’ani mai girma cewa: “Lalle ne wadanda suka yi imani kuma suka aikata ayyukan qwarai, masaukinsu shi ne gidajen Aljannar Firdausi.” (Alkur’ani) . 18 :107), Imam Sadik (AS) ya ce: “Wannan aya ta sauka ne game da Abu Dharr, da Miqdad, da Salman, da Ammar.”
A cikin Hadisan Ahlul Baiti (AS)
Akwai hadisai masu yawa daga Ahlul Baiti dangane da kyawawan halaye da dabi’u da kuma imanin Miqdad. Ga kadan daga cikin wadannan hadisai:
1, Soyayyar Annabi (SAWW) ga Miqdad: Annabi (SAWW) ya ce: “Allah ya umarce ni da in so mutane hudu.” Wani mutum ya tambaye shi ya Fadi da wadannan mutanen. Sai Annabi (SAWW) ya ce: “Ali, Salman, Miqdad, da Abu Dhar”.
2, Imanin Miqdad: kamar yadda ya zo a hadisi daga Imam Sadik (AS) cewa: “Imani (iman) yana da darajoji goma: Miqdad yana a mataki na takwas, Abu Dharr yana na tara, Salman kuma na goma”.
Hadisi
Miqdad ya ruwaito hadisi daga Annabi (SAWW). Wasu sun ruwaito hadisansa; misali: Sulaym ibn Qays, Anas ibn Malik , ‘Abdullahi ibn ‘Abbas , ‘Abdullahi ibn Mas’ud , ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla, Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, Duba’a ibn Zubairu ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib (matarsa), da ‘yarsa Karima.
Mutuwa da Wurin Kabari
A ƙarshen rayuwarsa, Miqdad ya zauna a “Jurf” (wani yanki ɗaya daga Madina zuwa Siriya ), kuma ya mutu a shekara ta 33 / 653-4 yana da shekaru saba’in. Sai musulmi suka tafi da gawarsa Madina, Sayyadina Usman ibn Affan (RA) ya yi masa Sallar Jana’iza, aka binne shi a makabartar Baqi’. Akwai wani kabari da aka danganta ga Miqdad a Van a Turkiyya.
Miqdad yana da wadata kuma ya yi Wasiyar a ba Imam al-Hasan (RA) da Imam al-Husayn (RA) dirhami 36000 na dukiyarsa.
Madogarar Wannan Rubutu
1, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalāni, al-Iṣāba , juzu’i. 6, . 161.
2, Ibn Hazm al-Andulusī, Jamhart ansāb al-‘arab , shafi na. 441.
3, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalāni, al-Iṣāba , juzu’i. 6, 160.
4, Ibn Hazm al-Andulusī, Jamhart ansāb al-‘arab , shafi na. 441.
5, Māmaqānī, Tanqīh al-maqāl , vol. 3, 245.
6, Balādhuri, Ansāb al-ashraf , vol. 1, 205.
