Tarihin Muhammad ibn Abī Bakr b. Abī Quḥāfa Kashi Na (2) Kuma Na Karshe

A matsayin Gwamnan Masar

A cikin Ramadan 1, 36 / Fabrairu 21, 657 Imam Ali (AS) ya nada Muhammad a matsayin gwamnan Masar. Yawancin Ruwayoyi masu tushe sun tabbatar da cewa an aika Muhammadu zuwa Masar kafin Malik al-Ashtar.

Kalubale a Masar

Matsala ta farko Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr da ya fuskanta a Masar ita ce matsalar ‘Yan Hamada; wato wadanda suka taru a Khirbita (wani wuri a Masar) bayan kashe Sayyadina Usman (RA) don yin Allah wadai da kisansa, suka ki yin mubaya’a ga Imam Ali (AS) .

Bisa umarnin Imam Ali (AS) wata daya bayan Muhammad ya isa Masar, ya rubuta wa Yan Hamada wasika ya umarce su da su karbi mulkinsa ko kuma su fita daga Masar. Yan Hamada ba su yarda da haka ba, suka amsa da cewa: “Kada ku yi gaggawar fada da mu.” Muhammadu ya hakura da su na wani lokaci har yakin Siffin ya kare. Da farko suma ‘yan Hamada sun ji tsoron shiga rikici da Muhammad, amma daga baya da lamarin ya tsananta, sai suka yi tawaye. Yaƙe-yaƙe da dama sun faru a tsakanin su da rundunar Muhammadu.

A bayyane yake, na karshen ya yanke shawarar cewa ba zai iya karya su ba, don haka ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da su wanda ya sa su kaurace wa Fustat ., babban birnin mulkin Muhammadu.

Daga baya kuma sai wadanda suka yi hijira zuwa kasashen da Mu’awiya yake jagoranta suka hade da shi. Sai dai lamarin ya kara tabarbarewa kuma Muhammadu ya kasa rike komai a karkashinsa, don haka Imam Ali (AS) ya yanke shawarar maye gurbin Muhammad da wani wanda ya fi kowa karfi da kwarewa – wato Malik al- Ashtar.

Harin Sojojin Siriya A Masar

Lokacin da yakin Siffin ya kare, Mu’awiya ya yanke shawarar mamaye kasar Masar. Ya rubuta wasika zuwa ga shugabannin Hamada, ya gayyace su zuwa gare shi, da haka sama da mutum dubu goma daga cikin ‘yan hamada suka shiga rundunar Mu’awiya, wanda kwamandansu shi ne Amr ibn al-As. A wata fafatawa mara daidaito tsakanin sojojin Siriya da sojojin Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, wanda ya kunshi sojoji dubu biyu kacal, a karshen ya sha kashi a al-Musannah.

Wurin Shahada da Kabari

Akwai ra’ayoyi daban-daban game da yadda Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr ya yi shahada. Yawancin majiyoyi sun tabbatar da cewa lokacin da sojojin Sham suka fatattaki sojojinsa, sai sahabbai suka bar shi suka gudu. Muhammad shi kadai ya nemi mafaka a wani kango, inda Mu’awiya Ya same shi ya kashe shi a Huday.

Wasu sun ce ba Mu’awiya ne ya kashe shi ba a Huday a lokacin yakin. An kuma ce Amr ibn al-As ya kama shi ya kashe shi.

An ruwaito ranar shahadarsa ita ce Safar, 38 /Yuli 658.

A lokacin da labarin shahadarsa ya riski Imam Ali (AS) sai Imam ya yi kuka yana cewa: “Bawan Allah ne salihai kuma dan mu ne adali.”

An kuma ruwaito cewa bayan shahadar Muhammadu, ‘yar uwarsa Nana Aisha (RA) ta kasance tana zargin Mu’awiya da Hannu A Kisan.

Mahaifiyar Muhammad, Asma’, an ruwaito cewa ta rasu sakamakon jimamin danta.

Dangane da inda aka binne Muhammad, an ruwaito cewa an binne shi a wajen Fustat a wani masallaci da ake kira Zimam, amma wasu na ganin an binne kansa ne kawai a wurin.

Mata da Yara

A bisa ra’ayi mafi rinjaye, ‘yar Yazdgerd (Sarkin Sasaniya na karshe) ita ce matar Muhammad, wata ‘yar kuma tana auren Imam al-Husayn (AS).

Daya daga cikin ‘ya’yan Muhammad shi ne Qasim (wanda ya rasu 92/710-1 ko 108/726-7), masanin fikihu kuma malamin Madina, wanda ya kasance daya daga cikin makusantan Imam al-Sajjad (AS) kuma Imam al-Baqir (AS). Qasim yana da ‘ya mace mai suna Umm Farwa, wadda ta auri Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (RA) ta zama mahaifiyar Imam Sadik (AS).

Tafsirin Imam Ali (AS)

A lokacin mulkin Muhammadu a Masar, an yi musayar wasiku da dama tsakaninsa da Imam (AS). Biyu daga cikin waɗannan haruffa an rubuta su a cikin Nahj al-balagha, sauran kuma a cikin madogaran tarihi da fikihu. Wadannan haruffa sun ƙunshi batutuwa daban-daban, ciki har da doka, da’a, da siyasa.

Lokacin da Amr ibn. Al-‘As ya mamaye Masar, ya aika wa Mu’awiya da ke Dimashƙu wannan da wasiƙun Muhammadu. Mu’awiya ya ajiye wadannan wasiku a cikin taskar Umayyawa. Umar ibn ‘Abd al-Aziz, khalifan Umayyawa na 8, ya bayyana wadannan wasikun a lokacinsa.

Madogarar Wannan Rubutu

1, Tustarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl , vol. 9, ku. 18; Shushtari, Majalis al-mu’minin , vol. 1, p. 277; Ibn Athir, Usd al-Gāba , vol. 4, ku. 326

2, Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr, al-Istī’ab fi ma’rifat al-asḥab , vol. 3, ku. 366;
Baladhuri, Ansāb al-ashraf , vol. 1, p. 538

3, Shushtari, Majālis al-mu’minin , vol. 1, p. 277; Ṭurayḥi, Majma’ al-bahrayn , vol. 1, p. 231 da vol. 4, ku. 88; Ibn Athir, Usd al-Gāba , vol. 4, ku. 326; Baladhuri, Ansāb al-ashraf , vol. 1, p. 538

4, Shushtari, Majālis al-mu’minin , vol. 1, p. 277; Ṭurayḥi, Majma’ al-bahrayn , vol. 1, p. 231 da vol. 4, ku. 88; Ibn Athir, Usd al-Gāba , vol. 4, ku. 326; Baladhuri, Ansāb al-ashraf , vol. 1, p. 538.

5, Māmaqanī, Tanqīh al-maqāl , vol. 2, Kashi na 3, p. 58

6, Nahj al-balagha, hadisi na 67

7, Māmaqanī, Tanqīh al-maqāl , vol. 2, Kashi na 3, p. 58; Ṭusi, Ikhtiyar ma’rifat al-rijāl , p. 64; Majlisi, Bihar al-anwar , vol. 33, ku. 585;

8, Thaqafi, al-Ghārat , vol. 1, p. 226;

Da Wasu Da Yawa.