Tarihin Nana Khadijah bint Khuwaylid

Nana Khadijah, (RTA) matar manzon Allah (SAW) Wadda Matan Zamani Za Su Yi Koyi Da Ita Wajen Dogaro Da Kai



Ita ce dai Khadijah bint Khuwailid bn Asad bn Abdul Uzza bn Qusay, tana daga cikin manyan matan Kuraishawa kana kuma wacce ta fi su kyau, tun kafin Musulunci ma ana kiranta da suna at-Tahira (tsarkakakkiya) saboda irin kyawawan dabi’unta, kuma ana kiranta da ‘Shugaban (matan) Kuraishawa.

Ita ce matar da ta yi zarra ta kuma kere sa’a. Ko da matan zamani za su so su cimma irin nasarorin da ta cimma shekara 1,400.”

Wannan shi ne yadda Asad Zaman, wani limami a birnin Manchester na Birtaniya ya bayyana Nana Khadijah (RTA) matar Annabi Muhammad (SAW), wacce aka haifa a ƙarni na shida a ƙasar da a yau ake kira Saudiyya. Mace ce da ake matuƙar girmama ta, mai arziki da kwarjini, wacce ta ƙi karɓar tayin aure daga fitattun mutanen zamaninta da dama.

A ƙarshe dai ta yi aure, har sau uku. Mijinta na fari ya mutu, sannan wasu ruwayoyin sun ce mijinta na biyu kuma rabuwa ta yi da shi.

Ga sunayensu kamar haka:


1, Abu Haalah At Tamimi
2, Ateeq Al Makhzumi


Bayan wannan ne ta yi alwashin ba za ta sake aure ba… har sai da ta haɗu da mijinta na uku kuma na ƙarshe sannan ta sauya shawara. Khadijah (RTA) ta ga wasu “kyawawan halaye a tattare da shi, da suka sa ta sauya ra’ayinta na ƙin sake aure,” kamar yadda Asad Zaman ya shaida wa BBC.

Ba kamar yadda aka saba ba a wancan zamanin, Khadijah ce ta zaɓe shi da kanta ta kuma ta nemi ya aure ta A lokacin shekararta 40, shi kuwa sabon mijin da za ta aura shekararsa 25, daga ƙabilar da take da matuƙar daraja.

Wannan labari ya fi gaban na soyayya; labari ne na tushen addini na biyu mafi girma a duniya a yau. Sabon mijin Khadijah shi ne Annabi Muhammad (SAW), wanda bayan aurensu ya zamo manzon da aka aiko da Musulunci.


Ƴar kasuwa


Wani farfesa na daɗaɗɗen tarihin Gabas Ta Tsakiya a Jami’ar New York, Robert Hoyland, ya ce zai yi matuƙar wahala a yi bayanin wace ce Khadijah (RTA) a zama ɗaya, saboda an yi ta rubutu kan abubuwan da aka sani a kanta tsawon shekaru bayan mutuwarta.

Sai dai mafi yawan majiyoyi sun nuna cewa “ita mace ce da ke da burin zama mai tsayiwa da kanta, kuma mai karfin hali,” in ji Holyland a hirarsa da BBC.

Alal misali, ta ƙi yarda ta auri wani ɗan uwanta – kamar yadda danginta suka so – saboda tana so ya kasance da kanta ta zaɓi mijin aurenta. Khadijah (RTA) ɗiya ce ga Khuwailid wani ɗan kasuwa da ya mayar da kasuwancin abin alfaharin zuri’arsa.

Bayan da ya mutu a wani yaƙi, sai ta dasa daga inda ya tsaya.

“Kowa ya san ta da ƙoƙarin yi wa kanta abubuwa,” kamar yadda wata masaniyar tarihi kuma mawallafiyar littattafai Bettanu Hughes ta faɗa a wani shirin BBC.

“A taƙaice dai, harkokin kasuwancinta ne suka yi sanadin ɗora ta a kan hanyar da daga ƙarshe ta sauya tarihin duniya.”
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Mataimaki


Khadijah tana aiwatar da harkokinta daga Makka a Saudiyya, kuma kasuwancinta na buƙatar a dinga kai da kawo mata kayayyaki daga can zuwa manyan biranen Gabas Ta Tsakiya.

“A bayyane yake cewa Khadija mai tsayiwa ce kan al’amuranta,” in ji Bettany Hughes.

Waɗannan matafiyan sukan yi tafiya mai nisa daga kudancin Yemen zuwa arewacin Syria.

Duk da cewa wani kaso na dukiyarta ta samu ne daga mahaifinta, Khadijah ta tara tata dukiyar ita ma, a cewar Fozia Bora, wata mai shirin zama farfesa ta tarihin Musulunci a Jami’ar Leeds da ke Birtaniya.


Ƴar kasuwa ce “mai dogaro da kanta, kuma mai ƙwazo da jajircewa.”


Khadijah takan ɗauki ma’aikata, inda take zaɓar mutane masu ƙwarewar da za su amfani kasuwancinta.

Ta ji labarin wani mutum da aka yi masa shaidar gaskiya da ƙwazo, don haka bayan wata ganawa da ta gamsu da bayanan da ta ji, sai ta ɗauke shi aiki don ya dinga bin ayarin ma’aikatanta.

Kamar yadda muka fada Khadijah mace ce mai dukiya, kana kuma tana son wanda zai kula mata da wannan dukiya ta ta cikin aminci ba tare da cuta ba, don haka sai ta bukaci Manzon Allah (SAW), wanda daman tun zamanin Jahiliyya mutanen Makka suna kiransa “As-Sadikul Amin, da ya kula mata da wannan dukiya nata. Da farko dai ya ki yarda, to amma daga baya ya amince da hakan.

Khadijah ta yaba da jajircewarsa, kuma bayan an shafe lokaci sai ta gamsu ƙwarai da ɗabi’unsa har ta yi sha’awar aurensa.

Kwatsam sai Muhammad wanda ya kasance maraya, ya kuma girma a hannun kawunsa – ya samu tagomashi a rayuwarsa ta fannin tattalin arziƙi,” a cewar Fozia Bora.

An yi amannar cewa ma’auratan sun samu ‘ƴaƴa shida, duk da cewa dai ƴaƴa matan ne kawai suka girma.

Farfesa Rania Hafaz ta Cibiyar Musulmai da ke London ta shaida wa BBC cewa: “Akwai wani abu na musamman a auren nasu.”

Abin kuwa ba komai ba ne sai “ganin cewa ita kaɗai ta rayu da shi a matsayin mata, a al’ummar da a wancan lokaci maza ba su cika zama da mace ɗaya kawai ba.”


Wahayi na farko


An haifi Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) kuma ya girma a tsakanin kabilar Kuraishawa (kamar Nana Khadijah), a daidai lokacin akwai kungiyoyi da ke bauta wa abubuwa daban-daban.

Shekaru kadan bayan ya yi aure, Muhammad ya fara sauyawa zuwa bautar ubangiji – ya kuma koma da yin mu’amalarsa a kusa da manyan duwatsu kusa da birnin Makkar domin kadaicewa tare da yin zurfin tunani.

Kamar yadda addinin Musulunci ya yi imani da shi, Mala’ika Jibrilu ya zo masa da wayahi daga Allah, mala’ikan da ya taba sanar da Maryama cewa za ta zama mahaifiyar Annabi Isa.

Ta wannan hanyar ce aka saukar wa da Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) littafin Alku’rani mai girma.

Wasu bayanai da aka tattara sun ce wahayin ba mai sauki ba ne, kuma duk da cewa cikin ruwan sanyi aka zo masa da shi, amma Akwai Firgitarwa

Khadijah ta saurare shi ta kuma kwantar masa da hankali. Ta kuma gaskata shi sannan ta yi tunanin wannan wani abu ne mai kyau.

Ta kuma nemi shawara daga wani dan uwanta mai ilimin addinin Kirista. An yi amanna cewa Waraqah ibn Nawfal ya danganta wahayin da aka yi wa annabi Muhammad da na annabi Musa.

“Yana da sani a kan litattafai masu tsarki,” Bora ya bayyana, don haka “sahihin tabbaci ne na wahayin da aka yi masa.
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Mace ta farko da ta karbi addinin Musulunci


Malamai da dama sun yarda da haka, tun da Khadijah ita ce mutum ta farko da ta fara jin wahayin da aka saukarwa da Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) dole a dauke ta a matsayin musulma ta farko da ta karbi sabon addinin Musulunci.


“Ta yarda kuma ta amince da sakon,” in ji Foiza Bora.


“Ina ganin hakan ne ya karfafa wa Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) gwiwa wajen fara yada sakonninsa.”

Masaniyar tarihi Bettany Hughes ta ce a wannan mataki, Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) ya kalubalanci dattawan kabilar kuma ya fara gudanar da wa’azi a bayyane: “Allah shi kadai ne abin bautawa. Yin bauta ga wasu daban sabo ne.”

Kamar yadda Foiza Bora ta bayyana, lokacin da Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) ya fara yada addinin Musulunci, al’umomin garin Makka da ba su amince da cewa Allah daya ne ba, sun nuna masa wariya da tsangwama.

Amma kuma Khadijah,” in ji Foiza Bora, “ta ba shi goyon baya da kariyar da yake bukata a lokacin.”

“Cikin shekaru 10, Khadijah ta yi amfani da dukiyarta da darajar iyalan da ta fito wajen taimaka wa mijinta ta tallafa wa sabon addinin,” in ji Hughes, “addinin da aka gina a bisa tsarin bin bautawa guda daya mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a kuma cikin al’ummar da ta yi imani da abubuwan bauta da dama”.


‘Shekarar alhini’


Khadijah ta yi iya karfinta wajen tallafa wa mijinta da kuma addinin Musulunci – amma a shekarar 619, ta kamu da rashin lafiya ta rasu. Ummul Muminina Khadijah bint Khuwailid, matar Ma’aikin Allah (SAW) ta rasu ne a ran 10 ga watan Ramalana shekara ta goma da aiko Ma’aiki (SAW), wato shekara uku kenan kafin hijira, a lokacin kuwa tana da shekaru 65 a duniya.

Wannan rasuwa ta Khadijah dai ya kasance babban rashi ga Ma’aikin Allah da kuma ‘yarsa Fatima (AS) inda har tazo tana kuka tana ce Baban nata (SAW) ina mahaifiyata, nan take sai Mala’ika Jibril (AS) ya sauko ya ce wa Annabi (SAW): “Ka ce wa Fatima cewa Allah Madaukakin Sarki Ya gina wa mahaifiyarta gida a aljanna da zinare….”.

An ruwaito cewa, bayan rasuwarta, a duk lokacin da ya yanka wani abin yanka, ya kan dauki wani bangare na naman ya ce: “Ku aika wannan wa kawayen Khadijah’. An ce wata rana A’isha, matar Manzon Allah, ta tambaye shi me yasa yake haka: sai ya ce mata: “Saboda ina sonta”.

Bayan shafe shekaru 25 suna tare, Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) ya shiga halin damuwa da alhini.

“Abu mai matukar sha’awa game da bayanan da aka tattara a wannan lokaci shi ne, yadda mutane ke maganar Khadijah a matsayin mutum mafi kusanci da Annabi Muhammad (SAW) ya samu, fiye ma da abokansa na kusa kamar Sayyidina Abu Bakar (RA) ko Sayyadina Omar (RA) a cewar Farfesa Hoyland.

Masaniyar tarihi Bettany Hughes ta yi nuni da cewa har yanzu Musulmai na tunawa da zagayowar shekarar da ta mutu a matsayin “Shekarar Alhini”.

Daga bisani, Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) ya sake yin aure, kuma a wancan karon ya auri mata da yawa.

A wani shirin BBC, Fatima Barkatulla, wata malamar addinin Islama kuma marubuciyar litattafan kananan yara kan rayuwar Khadijah, ta ce akasarin abubuwan da muka sani game da Khadijah sun fito ne daga Hadisai – hikayoyi, al’adu da kuma abubuwan da aka bayyana game da rayuwar Annabi Muhammadu (SAW)

Mabiya da kuma makusantan Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) suka fara bayyanawa, kuma daga bisani ne aka rubuta.

Daya daga cikin masu ba da labarin ita ce Nana Aisha (RTA) daya daga cikin matan da Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) ya aura daga baya, kuma daya daga cikin fitattun mata a cikin addinin Musulunci.

“A bayyane take cewa Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) ya ba ta labarin Khadijah, kuma ta rika bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a farkon lokacin da aka saukar masa da wahayi, lokacin daya zama manzon Allah,” in ji Fatima Barkatulla.

Duk da cewa Aisha (RTA) ba ta shaida farkon rayuwar Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) ba ta “rike aikinta hannu biyu wajen isar da sakonnin musulunci ga sauran Musulmai” abubuwan da aka fada mata, marubuciyar ta ce.
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Abin koyi


A nata bangaren, Foiza Bora, ta ce karatu game da tarihin Khadijah (RTA) na da matukar muhimmanci wajen warware sarkakiyar da ake da ita a tsakanin al’ummar Musulman farko inda ake barin mata cikin kulle.

Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) bai umarci Khadijah ta bar abin da take son yi ba. Gaskiyar magana, ta ce Musulunci ya bai wa mata dama da ‘yanci a lokacin.

“A ganina, a kuma matsayina na masaniyar tarihi, Khadijah abar koyi ce, kamar Fatima [daya daga cikin ‘yayan annabi Muhammadu (SAW) da Aisha, cikin sauran matan,” in ji Foiza Bora.

“Masu ilmi ne, masu kokari a fannin siyasa, kana sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yada addinin Musulunci da kuma gyara tsarin zamantakewar al’ummar Musumai.”

”Abu ne mai kyau a gare ni,” in ji malamar, “ka iya samun damar koyar da dalibai, mabiya ko akasin haka, game da wadannan matan.”

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