Abraham Lincoln lauyan Amurka ne kuma dan siyasa wanda yayi aiki a matsayin shugaban Amurka na 16 daga 1861 har zuwa kashe shi a 1865.
Abraham Lincoln, lauya Ne dan majalisa kuma mai adawa da bauta, an zabe shi shugaban Amurka na 16 a watan Nuwamba 1860, jim kadan kafin barkewar yakin basasa.
Menene ainihin sunan Abraham Lincoln?
Abraham Lincoln, mai suna Honest Abe, Rail-Splitter, ko Babban Emancipator, (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1809, kusa da Hodgenville, Kentucky, Amurka-ya mutu Afrilu 15, 1865, Washington, DC), shugaban Amurka na 16 (1861) -65), wanda ya Dunkule Tarayyar a lokacin yakin basasar Amurka kuma ya haifar da ‘yantar da Bakaken Fata.
An haifi Abraham Lincoln a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1809, kusa da garin Hodgenville, Jihar Kentucky. Mahaifinsa Thomas Lincoln da mahaifiyarsa Nancy Hanks duk sun kasance matalauta suna zaune a gonar su a Sinking Spring. Nancy Hanks ya mutu yayin da Lincoln yana da shekaru tara, don haka ya zauna tare da mahaifinsa a cikin rashin lafiya. Koyaushe ya zama dole ya yi aiki tukuru tare da mahaifinsa a gona, don shuka abincin da suke ci. Saboda haka, ya kasa samun ilimin boko. Amma, sakamakon hazakarsa, Lincoln ya koya wa kansa yadda ake rubutu da karatu.
Farkon Aikin Abraham Lincoln.
A lokacin yana ɗan shekara 19 a cikin 1828, Abraham Lincoln ya ɗauki aiki don jigilar kaya zuwa New Orleans ta jirgin ruwa ta kogin Mississippi. Tafiya da aikin sun faɗaɗa fahimtar Lincoln game da rayuwa. Daga baya, Abraham Lincoln ya zauna ya zama mai shago a ƙauyen su kusan shekaru 2.
A cikin 1831, Ibrahim Lincoln ya bar kasuwancinsa na siyarwa kuma ya ba da kansa don yin hidima a cikin Sojojin Illinois waɗanda ke yaƙi da jajayen Indiyawa a cikin sanannen Yaƙin Black Hawk. Lincoln yayi aiki a yakin a matsayin Kyaftin. Bayan Yaƙin, ya sa ido don neman aikin lauya don haka ya fara nazarin littattafan doka.
Farkon Siyasa da Aikin Shari’a na Ibrahim Lincoln.
Kafin Ibrahim Lincoln ya shiga cikin Militiyan Illinois, ya riga ya shiga siyasa. A cikin 1932, ya yi takarar neman kujera a Babban Taro na Illinois, amma ya yi nasara. Koyaya, a cikin 1934, an zaɓi Lincoln ƙarƙashin dandalin Whig Party a matsayin memba mai wakiltar Sagmon County a cikin Majalisar Wakilai ta Illinois. Ya kasance a matsayin har zuwa 1842.
SANA’AR LAUYA.
A cikin tsarin zama lauya, Abraham Lincoln ya yi nazarin littattafan doka da yawa. A shekara ta 1836, an shigar da shi BAR ta hanyar taimakon John T. Stuart. Daga ƙarshe, Lincoln ya ci jarrabawar BAR kuma an ba shi mukami A matsayin lauya. Daga baya, Lincoln ya shiga John T. Stuart a matsayin ƙaramin Lauyan Gwamnati kuma ya fara aiki da doka a Springfield.
A lokacin aikinsa na lauya, Abraham Lincoln ya kasance mai hazaka da aminci ga abokan Huddarsa. Ya ci nasara da yawa har zuwa Kotun Koli ta Illinois.
Ta tashi zuwa Fitaccen Dan Siyasar Kasa.
A shekara ta 1850, Amurka ta kasance cikin rashin jituwa game da bauta. Ƙasar ta rabu zuwa masu son yaɗuwar bauta waɗanda yawancinsu ƴan kudu ne, da waɗanda ba sa so waɗanda galibi ƴan arewa ne. Yayin da kasar ke cikin wannan hali, Lincoln ya zama mai sha’awar shiga harkokin siyasar kasa. A daya bangaren kuma shi dan arewa ne kuma mai adawa da bauta.
A cikin 1854, Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta zartar da wata doka mai suna ‘Kansas-Nebraska Act’. Bayan zartar da dokar, shugaban na lokacin Franklin Pierce ya sanya hannu kan dokar. A karkashin wannan, an ba da izinin bautar ya yadu bayan iyakar kudancin Missouri, wanda ya sabawa Yarjejeniyar Missouri wanda ya hana yaduwar bautar da ke kan iyakar Missouri ta kudu. A gefe guda kuma, Dokar Kansas-Nebraska ta fusata ‘yan siyasa musamman ‘yan siyasa masu adawa da bautar. Don haka, a cikin Maris 1854, wasu Fusatattun Yansiyasa su ka kafa jam’iyyar siyasa mai adawa da bautar da ake kira Republican. A 1856, Abraham Lincoln ya shiga jam’iyyar Republican.
MUHAWARA LINCOLN-DOUGLAS.
Bayan Abraham Lincoln ya zama Dan Jam’iyar Republican, ya kuma so ya zama Sanata. A cikin 1858, ya yi burin zama Sanata mai wakiltar Illinois. A matsayin wani ɓangare na tsari ko yaƙin neman zaɓe, Lincoln ya shiga jerin muhawara tsakanin Sanata mai ci Stephen Douglas kan batun bautar da ake cece-kuce. Ibrahim Lincoln ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata a dakatar da yaduwar bautar, yayin da Douglass ya ci gaba da cewa ya kamata a bar kowace jiha ta yanke shawara mafi kyau a gare su. An gudanar da Muhawarar a garuruwa bakwai a Jihar Illinois tsakanin 21 ga Agusta zuwa 15 ga Oktoba, 1858. Ko da yake, Lincoln ya sha kaye a zaben, amma muhawarar ta taimaka masa ya tashi zuwa fagen siyasar kasa.
Fadar shugaban kasa da yakin basasar Amurka.
Bayan da Abraham Lincoln ya fadi zaben dan majalisar dattijai, ya ci gaba da harkokinsa na siyasa, inda ya mayar da hankali wajen yada Ra’ayin jam’iyyar Republican. A gefe guda kuma, ya yi burin zama dan takarar shugaban kasa na Republican. Sannu a hankali ya samu goyon baya daga wasu jiga-jigan ‘yan siyasa na jam’iyyar Republican, musamman ‘yan siyasa daga jiharsa ta Illinois. A ƙarshe, Lincoln ya Sami tikitin takarar shugaban ƙasa a babban taron jam’iyyar da aka gudanar a Chicago a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1860.
Bayan Yarjejeniyar, Abraham Lincoln ya fara yakin neman zabe a duk fadin kasar. A lokacin yakin neman zabe, ya nuna kwazonsa wajen lashe zabe, musamman a jihohin Arewa. A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1860, an fafata a tsakanin ‘yan takara 4 da suka hada da:
1, Abraham Lincoln daga Jihar Illinois a matsayin dan takarar Republican.
2, Stephen Douglas daga Jihar Illinois a matsayin dan takarar Democrat na Arewa
3, John Breckenridge daga jihar Kentucky a matsayin dan takarar jam’iyyar Democrat ta Kudu
4, John Bell daga Jihar Tennessee a matsayin dan takarar Kundin Tsarin Mulki.
A karshen zaben, Abraham Lincoln ya yi nasara bayan lashe jihohi 17 kuma ya samu kuri’u 1,865,908.
YAKIN BAKI.
Kafin zaben shugaban kasa na 1860, wasu jihohin Kudancin Amurka sun yi barazanar ballewa daga Tarayyar Amurka idan Abraham Lincoln ya lashe zaben. Abin baƙin ciki a gare su, Lincoln ya lashe zaben. A cikin Disamba 1860, South Carolina ta zama jihar Kudu ta farko da ta balle. Daga baya, wasu jihohin Kudu sun bi sahun gaba kuma suka ayyana kansu a matsayin kasa mai cin gashin kanta da ake kira Confederates States of America.
A nasa bangaren, a lokacin jawabinsa na farko a watan Maris na shekara ta 1861, Abraham Lincoln ya bayyana cewa ba shi da niyyar soke ko dakatar da bautar da ta kasance. Amma, ya gargadi jihohin ‘yan awaren da cewa zai yi duk mai yiwuwa don ganin Amurka ta kasance a dunkule. A watan Afrilu ne yakin basasar Amurka ya fara, lokacin da sojojin Confederates suka fara kwace kadarorin tarayya a cikin yankinsu. Sannu a hankali, yakin basasa ya zama babban yaki tsakanin sojojin kungiyar da ke son ci gaba da kungiyar, da kuma sojojin Confederates da ke son ci gaba da ballewa. Bayan kusan shekaru 2 ana gwabzawa, a watan Janairun 1863, Lincoln ya ba da sanarwar ‘yantar da bayi da ke zaune a jihohin Kudu a cikin wata sanannen sanarwa mai suna ‘Sanarwar ‘Yanci’.
A ƙarshen yakin basasar Amurka, an sake zaɓe Ibrahim Lincoln a watan Nuwamba 1864 don wa’adi na biyu. Bayan sake zabensa, Lincoln ya umarci dukkan kwamandojin sojojinsa karkashin Janar Ulysses S. Grants da su kawo karshen yakin basasa. Bayan wannan odar, sojojin Tarayyar sun yi yaƙi da dabarun yaƙi har zuwa ƙarshe, rundunar ‘yan tawaye Janar Robert E. Lee ya miƙa kansa wanda ya nuna ƙarshen yakin basasar Amurka.
Mutuwa.
Bayan kwanaki biyar Da Gama yakin basasar Amurka, Abraham Lincoln wanda ke murnar nasara, ya tafi gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ford a Washington DC ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1865, don jin Shakatawa, Yayin da yake cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya kasance mai goyon bayan bautar da ake kira John Wilkes Booth ya yi amfani da bindiga ya harbe Abraham Lincoln. An ɗauke shi don tallafin gaggawa, amma ya mutu washegari a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1865. An binne shi a cikin makabartar Oak Ridge, Springfield, Jihar Illinois.
