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Azumin Sittu Shawwal wata zinariyar garabasa ne da Allah ya azurta wannan al’uma da shi. Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) ya kwadaitar da yin azumin kwanaki shida a cikin watan Shawwal bayan anyi azumin watan Ramadan. An karbo daga Abu Ayuba (R.A) cewa Annabi Muhammadu (SAW) ya ce: wanda ya azumci Ramadana kuma ya bi bayan sa da azumin kwanaki
shida daga Shawwal, to, kamar, ya yi azumin shekara ne.
Yin azumin kwana shida bayan Ramadana, a cikin watan Shawwal, yana nuna godiyar bawa ga ubangijin sa, ga falalar da ya yi masa na yin azumin Ramadana, kuma kokarin yawaita ayyukan alhairi ne da biyayya ga Allah a cikin bauta. Bugu da kari ga lada mai yawa, kamar ladan azumin shekara daya.
Yana daga cikin falalar azumin shawwal, cike gibin da nakasun da bawa ya samu a cikin azuminsa na Ramadana. Kuma alama ce da ke nuna karbuwan azuminsa na Ramadana.
SHIN YA HALATTA GABATAR DA AZUMIN KWANA SHIDA NA SHAWWAL KAFIN RAMAKON AZUMIN RAMADANA GA WANDA YA SHA AZUMIN RAMADANA?
Babban Malami Sheikh Abdulaziz Bin Bazz ya ce : abinda ya fi dacewa shin ne rama azumin Ramadana ga duk wanda ya sha azumin kafin ya fara azumtar kwanaki shidan Shawwal. Sabo da rama azumin Ramadana Wajibi ne, azumin kwanaki shidan na Shawwal kuma Nafila ne. Shari’a na gabatar da aikin Wajibi akan Nafila. Kuma a hadisin da ya gabata ance ne wanda ya azumci Ramadana kuma ya bi bayan sa da azumin kwanaki shida daga Shawwal, to, kamar, ya yi azumin shekara ne. Kaga idan mutum bai kammala azumin Ramadana ba, kafin fara azumin kwanaki shidan Shawwal, to, be yi amfani da hadisin ba, kuma be cika ka’idar garabasar ba.
Ana fara azumin kwana shidan Shawwal bayan Sallah da kwana biyu, an samu a yi su a jere cikin kwana shida, ko a rarrabe duk yanda ya saukaka, a cikin kwanakin Shawwal. Sannan ba laifi ba ne mutum ya yi azumin kwana daya, ko biyu, ko kuma abinda ya saukaka gwargwadon ikon sa, ga wanda ba zai iya yin azumin kwana shidan ba.
Mene Ne Matsayin Azumin Sitta Shawwal A Mazhabar Malikiyya
Ibn Jaziy ya ce azumin Sitta Shawwal na daga cikin mustahabbai, inda ya ce: “Mustahabbi ne azumtar watanni masu alfarma da kwana shida a watan Shawwal.”
Sidi Khalil kuma ya sanya shi cikin makaruhai inda ya ce: “An ki bidu, kamar Sitta Shawwal.”
To amma abin da ya fi shi ne mustahabbi ne azumtarsu saboda fadinsa (SAW): “Wanda ya azumci Ramadan sannan ya bi shi da Sitta Shawwal kamar ya yi azumin shekara ce” (Muslim ya ruwaito).
Wannan saboda kowane aiki yana da lada goma, azumin watan Ramadan yana daidai da wata goma, na kwana shida na Shawwal wata biyu.
Amma masu dogaro da karhanci suna yi ne kawai don ka’idar nan ta toshe kafar auka wa barna (Sadduz Zari’a).
Dalilin Imam Malik
Imam Malik (Allah Ya yi masa rahama) ya karhanta bin Ramadan da Sitta Shawwal ne don kada jahilai su mayar da hakan wajibi idan zamani ya yi tsawo, ta yadda za su kara a cikin addini abin da ba ya cikinsa.
Wato yana kiyaye nassin shari’a kada a yi tawili mutane su shar’anta wa kansu wajibcin abin da ba a wajabta musu ba.
Amma idan mutum ya san addini ya halalta ya azumce shi a kashin kansa saboda hukunci yana juyawa ne tare da illarsa da kyautata shi ko rashinsa.
Don haka malamanmu suka ce: “Karhancin an daure shi ne da sadar da shi da Ramadan kuma a yi shi a jere, kuma mutum ya rika nuna wa mutane yana yin azuminsu idan ya kasance wanda ake koyi da shi. Don haka idan aka rasa wadannan babu karhanci a ciki”.
Alkhidabi ya ce: “Malik (Allah Ya yi masa rahama) ya karhanta haka ne tsoron kada a riskar da Ramadan da abin da ba ya cikinsa daga bangaren jahilai da masu kekasar zuciya.
“Amma mutum a kashin kansa ba a karhanta masa azumtarsu ba” (Mawahibul Jalili na Khidabi, Mujalladi na 2 shafi na 414).
Shi kuwa Ad-Dardiyar ya ce: “An karhanta wa wanda ake koyi da shi ya sadar da shi (Sitta Shawwal) da Ramadan a jere kuma ya rika bayyana hakan yana mai kudurta Sunnah ce a sadar da su” (As-Sharhul Kabir Mujalladi na 1 shafi na 51).
Al-Khurshiy ya ce: “Wannan (karhancin) idan ya azumce su ne yana mai sadar da su da Ramadan kuma ya yi su a jere kuma yana bayyana hakan tare da kudurta sunnacin sadar da su, idan bai yi haka ba, babu karhanci” (Mukhtasar Khalil na Alkhurshiy mujalladi na 2 shafi na 243).
Ba tufka da warwara
Da wadannan hujjoji ya bayyana a gare mu cewa babu tufka da warwara a kan abin da Ibn Jaziy ya tafi a kansa na sanya wannan azumi a cikin mustahabbai da abin da Khalil ya tsayu a kansa na sanya azumin a matsayin makaruhi.
Maganar Khalil ta tafi ne a kan idan aka yi azumin Sitta Shawwal a jere tare da sadar da su da Ramadan, wato ana kare Ramadan mutum ya zarce da su kuma ya yi su a jere.
Kuma maganar Ibn Jaziy tana nufin idan aka azumce su a kwanaki daban-daban kuma ba a sadar da su da Ramadan ba.
Kuma za a iya daukar Ibn Jaziy ya zabi mustahabbantarwar mudalaki bisa tafiya kan cewa maganar Imam Malik ta faru ne saboda Hadisin da ya gabata bai riske shi ba, kamar yadda malamai da dama suka ambaci haka (akwai maganganu kan cewa Hadisin bai riski Malik ba).
Allah ne Mafi sani.
Fatawar Sheikh Al-Iydu bin Zaddah Aljaza’iri:
Shin ya halalta a yi azumin Sitta Shawwal a wuni na biyu bayan Idi?
Azumin Sitta Shawwal da lokacin fara shi:
Ya halalta ga Musulmi ya fara azumin Sitta Shawwal bayan Idi, ma’ana a rana ta biyu ta watan Shawwal.
Wannan saboda abin da Imam Muslim ya ruwaito ne a Sahihinsa daga Abu Ayyuba Al-Ansari (RA) ya ce: “Manzon Allah (SAW) ya ce: ‘Wanda ya azumci Ramadan sannan ya bi shi da shida daga cikin Shawwal, kamar ya yi azumin shekara ce.’
Fadinsa (SAW) “Daga cikin Shawwal,” manuniya ce da ta kunshi daukacin ranakun watan Shawwal in aka cire Ranar Idi, saboda tabbatar hani kan azumtarta.
Idin Fidir kuwa rana daya ce ba ranaku ne masu yawa ba, sabanin Idin Layya wanda aka hada shi da hanin Ayyamut Tashriki guda uku, wadanda a kansu (SAW) ya ce: “Ayyamut Tashriki-Ranaku ne na ci da sha da ambaton Allah.”
Wanda ya zumci Sitta Shawwal
Bisa ga abin da ya gabata nake cewa: Babu laifi ko karhanci a fara azumin Sitta Shawwal a rana ta biyu ta watan Shawwal, hakika haka ma na iya zama mafi falala saboda abin da ke cikinsa na gaggawa da rigegeniya zuwa ga aikata ayyukan alheri.
Kuma da abin da ke cikinsa na tabbatar da bin abin da ke cikin fadinsa (SAW): “Wanda ya azumci Ramadan sannan ya bi shi da shida daga cikin Shawwal kamar ya yi azumin shekara ce.”
Kuma wanda ake bin shi azumin Ramadan, ya fi kyau ya gabatar da biyan a kan azumin nafila, domin Musulmi ba ya hakkake cewa ya yi azumin Ramadan sai ya biya bashin Ramadan da ke kansa.
Ba ya hakkake ya bi bayan Ramadan da Sitta Shawwal har sai ya azumci farilla daga farko.
Wannan saboda samuwar hadisan da suka fassara kuma suka yi bayanin ma’anar azumin shekara kuma lallai hakan na cikin babin aiki daya lada goma a madadinsa.
Misali Hadisin da Imam Ahmad da wadansu suka ruwaito daga Sauban (RA) cewa, “Lallai Annabi (SAW) ya ce: ‘Azumin Ramadan daidai yake da azumin wata goma, azumin wuni shida a bayansa na daidai da wata biyu, wannan ne cikar shekara.’”
Allah (SWT) ne Mafi daukaka kuma Mafi sani.
Muhimmin karin haske: (Wannan ba maganar Shehin ba ce).
ALLAH SHI NE MASANI.